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Important

The improved Microsoft 365 Defender portal is now available. This new experience brings Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Office 365, Microsoft 365 Defender, and more into the Microsoft 365 security center. Learn what's new.

Applies toMicrosoft Defender for Office 365 plan 2

If your organization has Microsoft Defender for Office 365 Plan 2, which includes Threat Investigation and Response capabilities, you can use Attack Simulator in the Security & Compliance Center to run realistic attack scenarios in your organization. These simulated attacks can help you identify and find vulnerable users before a real attack impacts your bottom line. Read this article to learn more.

Note

Attack Simulator as described in this article is now read-only and has been replaced by Attack simulation training in the Email & collaboration node in the Microsoft 365 Defender portal at https://security.microsoft.com. For more information, see Get started using Attack simulation training.

The ability to launch new simulations from this version of Attack Simulator has been disabled. However, you can still access reports until April 24, 2021.

What do you need to know before you begin?

• To open the Security & Compliance Center, go to https://protection.office.com/. Attack simulator is available at Threat management > Attack simulator. To go directly to attack simulator, open https://protection.office.com/attacksimulator.

• For more information about the availability of Attack Simulator across different Microsoft 365 subscriptions, see Microsoft Defender for Office 365 service description.

• You need to be a member of the Organization Management or Security Administrator role groups. For more information about role groups in the Security & Compliance Center, see Permissions in the Security & Compliance Center.

• Your account needs to be configured for multi-factor authentication (MFA) to create and manage campaigns in Attack Simulator. For instructions, see Set up multi-factor authentication.

• Attack Simulator only works on cloud-based mailboxes.

• Phishing campaigns will collect and process events for 30 days. Historical campaign data will be available for up to 90 days after you launch the campaign.

• Attack simulation and training related data is stored with other customer data for Microsoft 365 services. For more information see Microsoft 365 data locations.

• There are no corresponding PowerShell cmdlets for Attack Simulator.

Spear phishing campaigns

Phishing is a generic term for email attacks that try to steal sensitive information in messages that appear to be from legitimate or trusted senders. Spear phishing is a targeted phishing attack that uses focused and customized content that's specifically tailored to the targeted recipients (typically, after reconnaissance on the recipients by the attacker).

In Attack Simulator, two different types of spear phishing campaigns are available:

• Spear phishing (credentials harvest): The attack tries to convince the recipients to click a URL in the message. If they click the link, they're asked to enter their credentials. If they do, they're taken to one of the following locations:

  • A default page that explains that this was a just a test, and gives tips for recognizing phishing messages.

  • A custom page (URL) that you specify.

• Spear phishing (attachment): The attack tries to convince the recipients to open a .docx or .pdf attachment in the message. The attachment contains the same content from the default phishing link, but the first sentence starts with '<Display Name>, you are seeing this message as a recent email message you opened..'.

Note

Currently, spear phishing campaigns in Attack Simulator don't expire.

Create a spear phishing campaign

An important part of any spear phishing campaign is the look and feel of the email message that's sent to the targeted recipients. To create and configure the email message, you have these options:

• Use a built-in email template: Two built-in templates are available: Prize Giveaway and Payroll Update. You can further customize some, all, or none of the email properties from the template when you create and launch the campaign.

• Create a reusable email template: After you create and save the email template, you can use it again in future spear phishing campaigns. You can further customize some, all, or none of the email properties from the template when you create and launch the campaign.

• Create the email message in the wizard: You can create the email message directly in the wizard as you create and launch the spear phishing campaign.

Step 1 (Optional): Create a custom email template

If you're going to use one of the built-in templates or create the email message directly in the wizard, you can skip this step.

1. In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.

2. On the Simulate attacks page, in either the Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) or Spear Phishing (Attachment) sections, click Attack Details.

   It doesn't matter where you create the template. The available options in the template are the same for both types of phishing attacks.

3. In the Attack details page that opens, in the Phishing Templates section, in the Create Templates area, click New Template.

4. The Configure Phishing Template wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, enter a unique display name for the template, and then click Next.

5. In the Configure email details step, configure the following settings:

   • From (Name): The display name that's used for the message sender.

   • From (Email): The sender's email address.

   • Phishing Login Server URL: Click the drop down and select one of the available URLs from the list. This is the URL that users will be tempted to click. The choices are:

     Note

     A URL reputation service might identify one or more of these URLs as unsafe. Check the availability of the URL in your supported web browsers before you use the URL in a phishing campaign.

   • Custom Landing Page URL: Enter an optional landing page where users are taken if they click the phishing link and enter their credentials. This link replaces the default landing page. For example, if you have internal awareness training, you can specify that URL here.

   • Category: Currently, this setting isn't used (anything you enter is ignored).

   • Subject: The Subject field of the email message.

   When you're finished, click Next.

6. In the Compose email step, create the message body of the email message. You can use the Email tab (a rich HTML editor) or the Source tab (raw HTML code).

   The HTML formatting can be as simple or complex as you need it to be. You can insert images and text to enhance the believability of the message in the recipient's email client.

   • ${username} inserts the recipient's name.

   • ${loginserverurl} inserts the Phishing Login Server URL value from the previous step.

   When you're finished, click Next.

7. In the Confirm step, click Finish.

Step 2: Create and launch the spear phishing campaign

1. In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.

2. On the Simulate attacks page, make one of the following selections based on the type of campaign you want to create:

   • In the Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.

   • In the Spear Phishing (Attachment) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.

3. The Configure Phishing Attack wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, do one of the following steps:

   • In the Name box, enter a unique display name for the campaign. Don't click Use Template, because you'll create the email message later in the wizard.

   • Click Use Template and select a built-in or custom email template. After you select the template, the Name box is automatically filled based on the template, but you can change the name.

   When you're finished, click Next.

4. In the Target recipients step, do one of the following steps:

   • Click Address Book to select the recipients (users or groups) for the campaign. Each targeted recipient must have an Exchange Online mailbox. If you click Filter and Apply without entering a search criteria, all recipients are returned and added to the campaign.

   • Click Import then File Import to import a comma-separated value (CSV) or line-separated file of email addresses. Each line must contain the recipient's email address.

   When you're finished, click Next.

5. In the Configure email details step, configure the following settings:

   If you selected a template in the Start step, most of these values are already configured, but you can change them. Microsoft office 2008 for mac with product key no dvd drive.

   • From (Name): The display name that's used for the message sender.

   • From (Email): The sender's email address. You can enter a real or fake email address from your organization's email domain, or you can enter a real or fake external email address. A valid sender email address from your organization will actually resolve in the recipient's email client.

   • Phishing Login Server URL: Click the drop down and select one of the available URLs from the list. This is the URL that users will be tempted to click. The choices are:

     Note

     • All of the URLs are intentionally http, not https.

     • A URL reputation service might identify one or more of these URLs as unsafe. Check the availability of the URL in your supported web browsers before you use the URL in a phishing campaign.

     • You are required to select a URL. For Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns, you can remove the link from the body of the message in the next step (otherwise, the message will contain both a link and an attachment).

   • Attachment Type: This setting is only available in Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns. Click the drop down and select .DOCX or .PDF from the list.

   • Attachment Name: This setting is only available in Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns. Enter a filename for the .docx or .pdf attachment.

   • Custom Landing Page URL: Enter an optional landing page where users are taken if they click the phishing link and enter their credentials. This link replaces the default landing page. For example, if you have internal awareness training, you can specify that URL here.

   • Subject: The Subject field of the email message.

   When you're finished, click Next.

6. In the Compose email step, create the message body of the email message. If you selected a template in the Start step, the message body is already configured, but you can customize it. You can use the Email tab (a rich HTML editor) or the Source tab (raw HTML code).

   The HTML formatting can be as simple or complex as you need it to be. You can insert images and text to enhance the believability of the message in the recipient's email client.

   • ${username} inserts the recipient's name.

   • ${loginserverurl} inserts the Phishing Login Server URL value.

   For Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaigns, you should remove the link from the body of the message (otherwise, the message will contain both a link and an attachment, and link clicks aren't tracked in an attachment campaign).

   When you're finished, click Next.

7. In the Confirm step, click Finish to launch the campaign. The phishing message is delivered to the targeted recipients.

Password attack campaigns

A password attack tries to guess passwords for user accounts in an organization, typically after the attacker has identified one or more valid user accounts.

In Attack Simulator, two different types of password attack campaigns are available for you to test the complexity of your users' passwords:

• Brute force password (dictionary attack): A brute force or dictionary attack uses a large dictionary file of passwords on a user account with the hope that one of them will work (many passwords against one account). Incorrect password lock-outs help deter brute force password attacks.

  For the dictionary attack, you can specify one or many passwords to try (manually entered or in an uploaded file), and you can specify one or many users.

• Password spray attack: A password spray attack uses the same carefully considered password against a list of user accounts (one password against many accounts). Password spray attacks are harder to detect than brute force password attacks (the probability of success increases when an attacker tries one password across dozens or hundreds of accounts without the risk of tripping the user's incorrect password lock-out).

  For the password spray attack, you can only specify one password to try, and you can specify one or many users.

Note

The password attacks in Attack Simulator pass username and password Basic auth requests to an endpoint, so they also work with other authentication methods (AD FS, password hash sync, pass-through, PingFederate, etc.). For users that have MFA enabled, even if the password attack tries their actual password, the attempt will always register as a failure (in other words, MFA users will never appear in the Successful attempts count of the campaign). This is the expected result. MFA is a primary method to help protect against password attacks.

Create and launch a password attack campaign

1. In the Security & Compliance Center, go to Threat management > Attack simulator.

2. On the Simulate attacks page, make one of the following selections based on the type of campaign you want to create:

   • In the Brute Force Password (Dictionary Attack) section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.

   • in the Password spray attack section, click Launch Attack or click Attack Details > Launch Attack.

3. The Configure Password Attack wizard starts in a new flyout. In the Start step, enter a unique display name for the campaign, and then click Next.

4. In the Target users step, do one of the following steps:

   • Click Address Book to select the recipients (users or groups) for the campaign. Each targeted recipient must have an Exchange Online mailbox. If you click Filter and Apply without entering a search criteria, all recipients are returned and added to the campaign.

   • Click Import then File Import to import a comma-separated value (CSV) or line-separated file of email addresses. Each line must contain the recipient's email address.

   When you're finished, click Next.

5. In the Choose attack settings step, choose what to do based on the campaign type:

   • Brute Force Password (Dictionary Attack): Do either of the following steps:

     • Enter passwords manually: In the Press enter to add a password box, type a password and then press ENTER. Repeat this step as many times as necessary.

     • Upload passwords from a dictionary file: Click Upload to import an existing text file that contains one password on each line and a blank last line. The text file must be 10 MB or less in size, and can't contain more than 30000 passwords.

   • Password spray attack: In The password(s) to use in the attack box, enter one password.

   When you're finished, click Next.

6. In the Confirm step, click Finish to launch the campaign. The passwords you specified are tried on users you specified.

View campaign results

After you launch a campaign, you can check the progress and results on the main Simulate attacks page.

Active campaigns will show a status bar, a completed percentage value and '(completed users) of (total users)' count. Clicking the Refresh button will update the progress of any active campaigns. You can also click Terminate to stop an active campaign.

When the campaign is finished, the status changes to Attack completed. You can view the results of the campaign by doing either of the following actions:

• On the main Simulate attacks page, click View Report under the name of the campaign.

• On the main Simulate attacks page, click Attack Details in the section for the type of attack. On the Attack details page that opens, select the campaign in the Attack History section.

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Either of the previous actions will take you to a page named Attack details. The information that's available on this page for each type of campaign is described in the following sections.

Spear Phishing (Credentials Harvest) campaign results

The following information is available on the Attack details page for each campaign:

• The duration (start date/time and end date/time) of the campaign.

• Total users targeted

• Successful attempts: The number of users who clicked the link and entered their credentials (any username and password value).

• Overall Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by Successful attempts / Total users targeted.

• Fastest Click: How long it took the first user to click the link after you launched the campaign.

• Average Click: The sum of how long it took everyone to click the link divided by the number of users who clicked the link.

• Click Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by (number of users who clicked the link) / Total users targeted.

• Fastest Credentials: How long it took the first user to enter their credentials after you launched the campaign.

• Average Credentials: The sum of how long it took everyone to enter their credentials divided by the number of users who entered their credentials.

• Credential Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by (number of users who entered their credentials) / Total users targeted.

• A bar graph that shows the Link clicked and Credential supplied numbers per day.

• A circle graph that shows the Link clicked, Credential supplied, and None percentages for the campaign.

• The Compromised Users section lists the details of the users who clicked the link:

  • The user's email address

  • The date/time when they clicked the link.

  • The client IP address.

  • Details about the user's version of Windows and web browser.

  You can click Export to export the results to a CSV file.

Spear Phishing (Attachment) campaign results

The following information is available on the Attack details page for each campaign:

• The duration (start date/time and end date/time) of the campaign.

• Total users targeted

• Successful attempts: The number of users who opened or downloaded and opened the attachment (preview doesn't count).

• Overall Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by Successful attempts / Total users targeted.

• Fastest attachment open time: How long it took the first user to open the attachment after you launched the campaign.

• Average attachment open time: The sum of how long it took everyone to open the attachment divided by the number of users who opened the attachment.

• Attachment open success rate: A percentage that's calculated by (number of users who opened the attachment) / Total users targeted.

Brute Force Password (Dictionary Attack) campaign results

The following information is available on the Attack details page for each campaign:

• The duration (start date/time and end date/time) of the campaign.

• Total users targeted

• Successful attempts: The number of users who were found to be using one of the specified passwords.

• Overall Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by Successful attempts / Total users targeted.

• The Compromised Users section lists the email addresses of the affected users. You can click Export to export the results to a CSV file.

Password spray attack campaign results

The following information is available on the Attack details page for each campaign:

• The duration (start date/time and end date/time) of the campaign.

• Total users targeted

• Successful attempts: The number of users who were found to be using the specified password.

• Overall Success Rate: A percentage that's calculated by Successful attempts / Total users targeted.

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Password cracking process involves recovering a password from storage locations or from data, transmitted by a computer system on network. Password cracking term refers to group of techniques used to get password from a data system.

Purpose and reason of password cracking includes gaining an unauthorized access to a computer system or it can be recovery of forgotten password. There might be another reason of using password cracking technique that is for testing password strength so hacker could not hack into system.

Password cracking is normally performed thought repetitive process in which computer applies different combinations of password till the exact match.

Term brute force password cracking may also be referred as brute force attack. Brute force password cracking is respective process of guessing password, in this process software or tool creates a large number of password combinations. Basically it’s a trail-and-error technique used by software to obtain password information from system.

A brute force attack are normally used by hackers when there is no chance of taking advantage of encrypted system weakness or by security analysis experts to test an organization’s network security .This method of password cracking is very fast for short length passwords but for long length passwords dictionary attack technique is normally used.

Time taken by brute force password cracking software to crack password is normally depend upon speed of system and internet connection.

GPU is graphics processing unit, sometimes also called visual processing unit. Before talking about GPU password cracking we must have some understanding about hashes. When user enter password the password information stored in form of computer hashes using the one-way hashing algorithm.

In this password cracking technique using GPU software take a password guess and look through hashing algorithm and compare it or match it with the existing hashes till the exact match.

GPU can perform mathematical functions in parallel as GPU have hundreds of core that gives massive advantage in cracking password. GPU is much faster than CPU so that’s the reason of using GPU instead of CPU.

CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture is a model for programming and a platform that perform computations in parallel, created by NVIDIA for graphic processing.

CUDA Password cracking includes cracking passwords using Graphics card which have GPU chip, GPU can perform mathematical functions in parallel so the speed of cracking password is faster than CPU.GPU have many 32bit chips on it that perform this operation very quickly.

We can easily access CUDA through libraries, directives and with the help of different programming languages that includes C, C++ and FORTRAN.

Given below is the list of Top10 Password cracking tools.

1. Cain and Abel : Top password cracking tool for Windows

Cain & Abel is one of the top cracking tool for password cracking and password recovery for Windows OS.

Cain & Abel can use techniques of Dictionary Attack, Brute-Force and Cryptanalysis attacks to crack encrypted passwords. So it only uses the weakness of system to crack password. GUI Interface of software is very simple and easy to use. But have availability limitation, tool only available for window based systems .Cain & Abel tool have many good features some of the features of tool are discussed below:

• Used for WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) cracking
• Have ability to record conversation over IP
• Cab be used as Network Password Sniffer
• Ability to resolve addresses IP to MAC.
• Can crack verity of hashes including LM and NT hashes, IOS and PIX hashes, RADIUS hashes, RDP passwords, and lots more than that.

2. John the Ripper : Multi-platform, Powerful, Flexible password cracking tool

John the Ripper is a free multi or cross platform password cracking software. Its called multi platform as it combines different password cracking features into one package.

It’s primarily used to crack weak UNIX passwords but also available for Linux, Mac, and Windows. We can run this software against different password encryptions including many password hashes normally found in different UNIX versions. These hashes are DES, LM hash of Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, MD5, and AFS.

• Supportive with Brute force password cracking and dictionary attacks
• Multi platform
• Available free for use
• Pro version is also available with additional features

3. Aircrack : Fast and effective WEP/WPA cracking tool

Aircrack is a combination different tools used for Wifi, WEP and WPA passwords cracking. With the help of these tools you can crack WEP/WPA passwords easily and effectively

Brute force, FMS attack, and dictionary attacks techniques can be used to crack WEP/WPA passwords. Basically it collects and analyzes encrypted packets then using its different tool crack password out of the packets. Although aircrack is available for Windows but there are different issues with this software if we use this in Windows environment, so it’s best when we use it in Linux environment.

• Supportive with both Brute force and dictionary attacks cracking techniques
• Available for Windows and Linux
• Available in live CD

4. THC Hydra : Multiple services supportive, Network authentication cracker

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THC Hydra is a supper fast network password cracking tool. It uses network to crack remote systems passwords.

It can be used to crack passwords of different protocols including HTTPS, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, Cisco, CVS, SQL, SMTP etc. It will give you option that you may supply a dictionary file that contains list of possible passwords. It’s best when we use it in Linux environment.

• Fast cracking speed
• Available for Windows, Linux ,Solaris and OS X
• New modules can be added easily to enhance features
• Supportive with Brute force and dictionary attacks

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5. RainbowCrack : New Innovation in Password Hash Cracker

RainbowCrack software uses rainbow tables to crack hashes, in other words we can say it uses process of a large-scale time-memory trade for effective and fast password cracking.

Large-scale-time-memory-trade-off is a process of computing all hashes and plain text using a selected hash algorithm. After calculations, obtained results are stored in the tables called rainbow table. Process of creating rainbow tables is very time consuming but when its done software works very fast.

Password cracking using rainbow table is faster than the normal brute force attack method. It’s available for Linux and Windows operating system.

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• Support verity of Rainbow tables
• Runs on Windows (XP/Vista/7/8) and Linux operating systems (x86 and x86_64)
• Simple in use

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6. OphCrack : Tool for Windows password cracking

OphCrack used to crack Windows user passwords with the help of rainbow tables that are available in a bootable CD.

Ophcrack is completely free to download, Windows based password cracker that uses rainbow tables to crack Windows user passwords. It normally cracks LM and NTLM hashes. Software has simple GUI and can runs on different platforms.

• Available for Windows but also available for Linux, Mac, Unix, and OS X
• Uses for LM hashes of Windows and NTLM hashes of Windows vista.
• Rainbow tables available free and easily for Windows
• To simplify the process of cracking Live CD is available

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7. Brutus : A brute force attack cracker for remote systems

Brutus is the fastest, most flexible, and most popular software used to crack remote system passwords. It guess password through applying different permutations or by using a dictionary.

It can be used for different network protocols including HTTP, FTP, IMAP, NNTP and other types such as SMB, Telnet etc. It also gives you facility of creating your own authentication type. It also includes extra options of load and resume, so process can be paused when required and you can resume process when you want.

It is only available for windows operation systems. Tool has a limitation that it has not been updated since 2000.

Features of Brutus

• Available for Windows
• Can be used with different network protocols
• Tool have many good extra features
• Support SOCK proxy for all types of authentications
• Capability of error handling and recovery
• Authentication engine is multi stage

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8. L0phtCrack : Smart tool for Windows password recovery

Just like OphCrack tool L0phtCrack is also a Windows passwords recovery tool uses hashes to crack passwords, with extra features of Brute force and dictionary attacks.

It normally gains access to these hashes from directories, network servers, or domain controllers. It is capable of doing hash extraction from 32 & 64 bit Windows systems, multiprocessor algorithms, scheduling, and can also perform decoding and monitoring networks. Yet it is still the easiest to use password auditing and recovery software available.

Features of L0phtCrack

• Available for Windows XP, NT, 2000, Server 2003,and Server 2008
• Can work in both 32- and 64-bit environments
• Extra feature of schedule routine auditing on daily, weekly, monthly bases
• After run it provide complete Audit Summary in report page

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9. Pwdump : Password recovery tool for Windows

Pwdump is actually different Windows programs that are used to provide LM and NTML hashes of system user accounts.

Pwdump password cracker is capable of extracting LM, NTLM and LanMan hashes from the target in Windows, in case if Syskey is disabled, software has the ability to extract in this condition.

Software is update with extra feature of password histories display if history is available. Extracted data will be available in form that is compatible with L0phtcrack.

Recently software is updated to new version called Fgdump as Pwdump not work fine when any antivirus program is running.

Features of Pwdump

• Available for Windows XP, 2000
• Powerful extra feature are available in new version of Pwdump
• Ability to run multithreaded
• It can perform cachedump (Crashed credentials dump) and pstgdump (Protected storage dump)

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10. Medusa : Speedy network password cracking tool

Medusa is remote systems password cracking tool just like THC Hydra but its stability, and fast login ability prefer him over THC Hydra.

It is speedy brute force, parallel and modular tool. Software can perform Brute force attack against multiple users, hosts, and passwords. It supports many protocols including AFP, HTTP, CVS, IMAP, FTP, SSH, SQL, POP3, Telnet and VNC etc.

Medusa is pthread-based tool, this feature prevent unnecessarily duplicate of information. All modules available as an independent .mod file, so no modification is required to extend the list that supports services for brute forcing attack.

Features of Medusa

• Available for Windows, SunOS, BSD, and Mac OS X
• Capable of performing Thread based parallel testing
• Good feature of Flexible user input
• Due to parallel processing speed of cracking is very fast

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